Journal of Fire Online

This paper outlines the key achievements over the ten years of implementing Directive No. 47-CT/TW, issued by the Secretariat on June 25, 2015, on the strengthening of Party leadership over fire safety operations. On this basis, the paper analyzes the breakthrough elements and mindset innovation in fire and rescue operations outlined in the Secretariat's Directive No. 02-CT/TW, issued on January 31, 2026, which focuses on strengthening Party leadership over fire prevention, fighting and rescue operations in the new era.

Fire prevention and fighting (FPF) infrastructure is an essential component of technical infrastructure, serving as a foundation and creating a stable environment for socio-economic development. In the context of rapid urbanization, the emergence of complex urban developments, key economic zones, and the transition toward green energy, existing FPF infrastructure has revealed certain deficiencies. This article analyzes the current state of FPF infrastructure; based on this analysis, it proposes synchronous strategic solutions to optimize response capacity and meet the requirements of sustainable socio-economic development in the new context.

In the context of the increasingly extensive digital transformation of higher education, the integration of online platforms into the assessment of students’ English proficiency has become an inevitable trend. Technological advancement has not only transformed the modes of teaching and learning delivery but has also promoted a shift in learner assessment practices, from traditional approaches to more innovative and flexible forms supported by digital technology. At the University of Fire Prevention and Fighting (UFPF), online platforms have initially been incorporated into English language teaching; however, the use of these tools for assessing students’ English proficiency remains limited in both scope and practical effectiveness. Based on a review of selected domestic and international studies on online assessment, this article analyses the key challenges involved in implementing online platforms for assessing the English proficiency of cadets at UFPF and proposes several solutions to enhance the effectiveness of this practice.

During the 2016 - 2025 period, an average of approximately 3,300 fires were recorded annually across the country [2], with the majority of serious consequences attributable to preventable, human-caused factors. Despite the large-scale implementation of fire prevention, fighting, and rescue (FPFR) awareness campaigns, a significant gap remains between dissemination activities and actual changes in public perception and behavior. Drawing on an analysis of annual operational reports from the Fire and Rescue Police Department for 2016–2025 and a comparative review of international experience (Japan, South Korea, Australia, and the United Kingdom), this paper identifies three systemic deficiencies: fragmented and unintegrated communication channels and technologies; standardized propaganda content that lacks differentiation based on target demographics; and a lack of outcome-based evaluation frameworks to measure behavioral changes. To address these gaps, the paper proposes a three-pillar solution framework: role-differentiated technology application (mobile platforms and AI for mass public communication; VR for skills-based training); targeted communication structured by audience segments and risk levels; and a tiered effectiveness evaluation system spanning from reach measurement to behavioral change assessment.

Petroleum and petroleum products (PPP) are national strategic commodities, essential to society, and directly impact the country's economic development and national defense and security. However, due to their highly flammable and explosive nature, recent fires at PPP storage facilities have caused severe casualties and property damage. This paper focuses on analyzing the fire and explosion hazards of PPP storage facilities, their current situation, and some fire prevention measures to ensure fire safety for this type of facility.

Preventing violations of the law on fire prevention, firefighting, and rescue is a decisive requirement in protecting the lives and property of the State, agencies, organizations, and the people. In the context of rapid urbanization, the increasing number of mixed-use buildings for residential and commercial purposes, warehouses, service facilities, vehicles using lithium batteries, new materials, and various complex fire and explosion risks, management methods based mainly on education, periodic inspections, and post-violation sanctions no longer fully meet practical requirements. This article analyzes the theoretical, legal, and practical foundations for applying scientific and technical measures in preventing violations of the law on fire prevention, fire fighting, and rescue in Vietnam; assesses initial achievements; identifies limitations and their causes; and on that basis proposes solutions to promote a strong shift from administrative and manual management to data-driven management, early warning, continuous monitoring, risk-based inspection, and support for legal compliance at the grassroots level.

Early fire detection plays an important role in fire prevention and firefighting, contributing to shortened response times and mitigated damages. With the development of surveillance cameras and artificial intelligence, image-based fire detection has become a promising research direction. This paper provides a comprehensive review of early image-based fire detection methods using AI, encompassing conventional feature-based methods, classical machine learning approaches, deep learning-based image analysis, and video processing techniques incorporating temporal information. Based on the review of representative studies, the paper analyzes the strengths, limitations, and applicability of each group of methods. The results show that deep learning models, especially object detection models, currently play a dominant role. However, early-stage fire detection remains a major challenge for small fires, with thin smoke and complex surveillance scenes. The paper also emphasizes the role of inter-frame processing in improving the reliability of fire alarms.

Based on document analysis, comparison with current legal regulations, and synthesis of practical data and information on fire and explosion incidents, it is shown that fire risk assessment is a necessary tool for shifting from predominantly compliance-based management to risk-based management. Accordingly, the article clarifies the theoretical and practical foundations of fire risk assessment and proposes orientations for developing a fire risk assessment framework suitable to Vietnam’s conditions. This article is a research output of the ministerial-level project coded BNV.2025.T06.20.

Stairwell pressurization systems play a pivotal role in ensuring life safety within high-rise buildings during fires. However, pressure variations caused by the stack effect often lead to significant deviations from the design calculations of pressurization systems. This paper analyzes the underlying mechanism of the stack effect on pressure distribution within the stairwell, highlighting the technical risks of under-pressurization at lower levels and over-pressurization at higher levels. The results demonstrate that implementing dynamic control solutions, such as variable frequency drives and multi-point injection designs, is imperative to guarantee the stable and safe operation of the system.

This article analyzes the legal basis, theoretical framework, and current state of fire scene investigation in criminal investigations. By clarifying the distinctive nature of fire scenes as systems of traces that are subject to substantial alteration, the article identifies several limitations in scene protection, trace recognition, sample collection, evidence preservation, documentation, and inter-agency coordination. From this, the article proposes several solutions to enhance the evidentiary value of fire scene investigation results in criminal proceedings.